After Einstein's paper of light consisting of small packets of energy called photons , it was proven to show that Light showed Wave-Particle Dual nature. that is it behaves both like particle (photons) and also like waves ( by showing interference).
Then hesienberg showed that it is impossible to measure both position and momentum of particle simultaneously. That is if use measure position to very great accuracy then the error in measurement of momentum is very high. Also it is said that waves associated with electrons are probability waves giving prob'y of their position.These were some of the fundamental concepts of Quantum theory , which is now widely accepted to study sub-atomic particles.It is said that all a sub-atomic particle can have any possible position but the it depends on prob'y .
If we consider an infinite dimension vector space. And each direction as a possible world. Then in these infinite directions all possible outcomes of any given event occur. But the one that becomes the reality is the one with maximum probability.
Now another thing that comes from Heisenberg's Principle is that like position and momentum , energy and time cannot be measured accurately simultaneously. Thus if we measure the energy of a particle we take considerable amount of time (which is still very small considering a second ).
Now this concept provides a basis where the principle of conservation of energy is violated.It is highly possible that a particle can borrow energy from universe for some time and has to repay it in time inversely proportinal to energy borrowed. This concept can be used to easily understand why some electrons can tunnel through high barriers even though they dont have enough energy.It also helps to understand production of alpha rays.
Then hesienberg showed that it is impossible to measure both position and momentum of particle simultaneously. That is if use measure position to very great accuracy then the error in measurement of momentum is very high. Also it is said that waves associated with electrons are probability waves giving prob'y of their position.These were some of the fundamental concepts of Quantum theory , which is now widely accepted to study sub-atomic particles.It is said that all a sub-atomic particle can have any possible position but the it depends on prob'y .
If we consider an infinite dimension vector space. And each direction as a possible world. Then in these infinite directions all possible outcomes of any given event occur. But the one that becomes the reality is the one with maximum probability.
Now another thing that comes from Heisenberg's Principle is that like position and momentum , energy and time cannot be measured accurately simultaneously. Thus if we measure the energy of a particle we take considerable amount of time (which is still very small considering a second ).
Now this concept provides a basis where the principle of conservation of energy is violated.It is highly possible that a particle can borrow energy from universe for some time and has to repay it in time inversely proportinal to energy borrowed. This concept can be used to easily understand why some electrons can tunnel through high barriers even though they dont have enough energy.It also helps to understand production of alpha rays.
Paul Dirac , a prominent scientist , sought a new equation as Schrodinger Eqn was inconsistent with special relativity. When he did found one , on solving he got infinite solutions , one for each energy level.But the astounding result was that he got a negative energy level for each solution .Thus he gave the result of negative energy matter inhabiting all these states . And if an highly energtic photon should be able to create a electron-antielectron or proton-antiproton pair.
Antimatter particles have been found amid cosmic debris. Nowdays , though a more refined form of this theory is used , and it includes pair-creation and annihilation. But to produce a new pair energy needed is so high that when it is borrowed from universe it is for very very short interval. So these pair creation and annihilation keeps happening everywhere but we are unable to feel it due to short duration of time.
These particles so produced are generally termed virtual particles. And each particle is surrounded by a cloud of virtual particle and each virual particle by a cloud of its virtual particle , till infinty. Now these virtual particles have helped explain why 2 same charged particle repel each other and also have helped in explanation of Nuclear force.
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